|
Chinese
Cuisines
China is a vast country with diverse climates, customs, products,
and habits. People living in different regions display great variety
in their diets. People in coastal areas eat more aquatic products
and seafood, whereas those in central and northwest China eat more
domestic animals and poultry. Foods vary from north to south, and
typical local dishes may eve astonish strangers, such as snake,
pangolin, and white rat. Tastes also differ regionally because of
the climatic differences. One popular summary of Chinese food is
"sweet in the south, salty in north, sour in the west, and
spicy in the east."
China's vast territory and long history have given birth to distinct
regional cuisines over the centuries. The precise number of regional
cuisines in China is still under dispute, but experts agree on at
least eight: Sichuan, Shandong, Guangdong (Cantonese), Jiangsu,
Zhejiang, Fujian, Human and Anhui, the eight provinces in China.
Sichuan
Cuisine
Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine,
prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly
ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes.
Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the
cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen
as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising
are applied as basic cooking techniques. It tastes hot, sweet, sour,
salty or tongue-numbing. Typical dishes of Sichuan are Twice Cooked
Pork Slices, Spicy Diced Chicken with Peanuts, Dry-fried Shark Fin,
Fish-flavoured Pork Shreds and Pockmarked Woman's Bean Curb.
Shangdong Cuisine
Shandong is a large peninsula surrounded by the sea, with the Yellow
River meandering through the center. As a result, seafood is a major
component of Shandong cuisine. The raw materials are mainly domestic
animals and birds, seafood and vegetables. The masterly cooking
techniques include Bao(quick frying), Liu(quick frying with corn
flour), Pa(stewing, roasting, boiling, using sugar to make fruit,
crystallizing with honey). Some of the famous dishes are Deep-fried
Red-scale Fish, Yellow River Carp in Sweet and Sour Sauce, Stewed
Sea Cucumber, Dezhou Braised Chicken.
The most representative of Shandong Cuisine is, perhaps, Beijing
Roast Duck.
Guangdong
(Cantonese) Cuisine
Guangdong cuisine, known as Cantonese cuisine in the West, originates
from Guangdong, the southernmost province in China. As the climate
of Guangdong is hot, Cantonese food does not use much spice, bringing
out the natural flavor of the vegetables and meats. The dishes are
fresh, crisp, tender, and lightly seasoned. The raw material is
very rich, which includes snake, cat and pangolin. Cooked snake
is considered a delicacy. The most famous snake dish is the Dragon
and Tiger Locked in the Battle, in which cobra, leopard cat, and
over twenty spices are used. Roast snake with Chrysanthemum Blooms
is provided in autumn. The dish is creamy in colour and is garnished
with beautiful petals of chrysanthemum, mushrooms, and various flavorings.
Other delicacies in Guangdong Cuisine include Roast Suckling Pig,
Duck Web in Oyster Sauce, and Braised Chicken Feet with Wild Herbs.
Jiangsu
Cuisine
Jiangsu Cuisine is popular in the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River consisting of the styles of Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing
and Zhenjiang dishes. It is characteristically sweet. Sweet-sour
Fish, Sweet-sour Pork and Sweet-sour Soup are common dishes at the
table of the ordinary families. Cooking techniques can be varied,
but quick frying and stirfrying, simmering and steaming are more
often used. Special attention is given to the section of the ingredients,
cutting, and seasoning according to the different seasons of the
year. The most popular dishes are Sweet-sour Boneless Fried Fish,
Watermelon Chicken, Salted Duck and Creamed Abalone Soup.
Zhejiang
Cuisine
Developed from the local food of the four cities in Zhejiang Province:
Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Wenzhou. Zhejiang Cuisine makes crisp,
tender, light and fresh dishes. The region is beautiful with many
rivers and lakes so that shrimps and fish are largely produced.
The products fresh from the water are made into mouth-watering dishes:
Shrimp-meat with Dragon-well Tea, West Lake Sour Fish, Steamed Carp,
Fried Shrimp Balls. Other famous dishes are Dongpo Braised Pork,
Beggar's Chicken. The ways of the cutting and the temperature of
cooking are closely observed, which is the key to the success of
Zhejiang Cuisine.
Fujian
Cuisine
Fujian Cuisine is developed from the local food of the three cities
of Fujian Province: Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Xiamen. This region is
very close to the sea and seafood making is, of course, the chef's
culinary art. They are good at steaming, frying, braising the food,
particularly good at pickling the ingredients before cooking. The
popular dishes are Wined Chicken, Wined Sliced Fish, Deep-fried
Prawns, Wined Sea Cucumber with Brown Sauce, and Braised Abalone
with Oyster Sauce. Flavor, color and appearance are important in
Fujian Cuisine.
Hunan
Cuisine
Hunna Cuisine is developed from the local food of the Xianjiang
Vally, Dongting Lake Area, and western mountainous Hunnan Province.
Its characteristics are: a great variety of ingredients, shiny and
strong colors, hot and spicy tastes, smoked and pickled flavors.
Cooking technique are pickling, smoking, spicing, simmering, steaming,
braising and frying. The noted dishes are Hot and Spicy Chicken,
Simmered Shark's Fin in Brown Sauce, Gold-Coin Fish, and Sweet Lotus
Seeds Soup.
Anhui
Cuisine
Anhui Cuisine is developed from the local food at the Yangtze banks
in Anhui Province, the Huai River Valley, and Huizhou region. Its
characteristics are natural ingredients selected; temperature and
timing of cooking closely observed; original color and flavor preserved.
Deep-frying, roasting, simmering and steaming are the usual cooking
techniques applied. The noted dishes are Fuli Stewed Chicken, Salted
Mandarin Fish, Milky Fish King, Ham Simmered with Bamboo Shoots
and Ham Simmered with Soft-shelled Turtles.
|